What type of energy is released when an electron strikes an atom in the target?

When an electron strikes an atom in the target, the type of energy primarily released is heat. This occurs because the kinetic energy of the fast-moving electron is transferred to the atoms in the target material upon impact, causing them to vibrate more vigorously. This increased atomic vibration translates to thermal energy, which we perceive as heat.

While other forms of energy might be produced during interactions in a more complex scenario — such as ultraviolet radiation or gamma rays, particularly in different contexts like during radioactive decay or specific electronic transitions — the immediate energy transfer from an electron to a target atom primarily manifests as heat.

Understanding this interaction is essential, especially in the context of radiation safety, as excessive heat can lead to damage of tissues or other structures and thus must be managed appropriately in a dental setting where radiation is utilized.