Which particle is negatively charged and orbits the nucleus?

The negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus is the electron. Electrons are fundamental subatomic particles that possess a charge of approximately -1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs, making them essential in electrical interactions and chemical bonding. In an atom, electrons occupy specific energy levels or orbitals around the nucleus, which is comprised of protons and neutrons. The arrangement of these electrons is vital as it determines how atoms interact and bond with each other, ultimately leading to the formation of molecules and compounds.

Understanding the role of electrons is crucial in various fields, including chemistry and physics, as they help govern the behavior of atoms in different contexts. In contrast, neutrons are neutral particles present in the nucleus, while protons carry a positive charge, also found in the nucleus. An atom itself is a broader term encompassing all the particles, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.